Since the beginning of this century, humanity has been facing a new emerging, or re-
emerging, virus threat almost every year: West Nile, Influenza A, avian flu, dengue …

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus discovered in Uganda in the 1940s. To date,
three major ZIKV outbreaks have been reported. ZIKV infections have known to be primarily …

This review converses the Zika virus which has attained global concern due to its rapid
pandemic potential and impact on humans. Though Zika virus was first isolated in 1947, till …

Background The threat of a rapidly changing planet–of coupled social, environmental and
climatic change–pose new conceptual and practical challenges in responding to vector …

Puerto Rico detected the first confirmed case of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in May 2014 and
the virus rapidly spread throughout the island. The invasion of CHIKV allowed us to observe …

Several arboviruses have emerged and/or reemerged in the New World in the past decades.
Zika and chikungunya viruses, formerly restricted to Africa and perhaps Asia, invaded the …

As the concerns regarding Zika virus (ZIKV) are mostly of neurological disorders, especially
in neonates and infants, other possible threats of the virus may have been overlooked. Our …

Transmission of flaviviruses by hematophagous insects such as mosquitoes requires
acquisition of the virus during blood feeding on the host, with midgut as the primary infection …

Abstract The World Health Organization has declared the current Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic
a public health emergency of international concern. Lack of vaccines and reliable diagnostic …

Although infections of vertebrate hosts by arthropod-borne viruses may lead to pathogenic
outcomes, infections of vector mosquitoes result in persistent infections, where the virus …