The hypothalamo-pituitary system developed in early vertebrates. Prolactin is an ancient
vertebrate hormone released from the pituitary that exerts particularly diverse functions. The …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Parental Care”. The postpartum period involves some
truly transformational changes in females' socioemotional behaviors. For most female …

Early life experiences play a key role in brain function and behaviour. Adverse events during
childhood are therefore a risk factor for psychiatric disease during adulthood, such as mood …

Early-life stress (ELS) predisposes individuals to psychiatric disorders, including anxiety and
depression, and cognitive impairments later in life. However, the underlying molecular …

Contributions from estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes (ERα and ERβ) to postpartum
anxiogenic and depressive responses remain unresolved in rats. Using the elevated-plus …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is rather common, presenting with prevalent early problems
in social communication and accompanied by repetitive behavior. As vasopressin was …

The brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in anxiety and depression
disorders, but the specific brain sites involved are poorly understood. The medial …

The brain vasopressin system mediates various social behaviors as has been studied
mostly in males. Only recently, advances in social neuroscience revealed that central …

Normal biological rhythms, including sleep, are very important for a healthy life and their
disturbance may induce—among other issues—memory impairment, which is a key problem …

Vasopressin can contribute to the development of stress-related psychiatric disorders,
anxiety and depression. Although these disturbances are more common in females, most of …