Natural products have served as powerful therapeutics against pathogenic bacteria since
the golden age of antibiotics of the mid-20th century. However, the increasing frequency of …

Macrolides represent a large family of protein synthesis inhibitors of great clinical interest
due to their applicability to human medicine. Macrolides are composed of a macrocyclic …

Streptococcus pneumoniae inflicts a huge disease burden as the leading cause of
community-acquired pneumonia and meningitis. Soon after mainstream antibiotic usage …

Drug efflux pumps play a key role in drug resistance and also serve other functions in
bacteria. There has been a growing list of multidrug and drug-specific efflux pumps …

Antibiotic resistance continues to plague antimicrobial chemotherapy of infectious disease.
And while true biocide resistance is as yet unrealized, in vitro and in vivo episodes of …

Macrolide resistance mechanisms can be target-based with a change in a 23S ribosomal
RNA (rRNA) residue or a mutation in ribosomal protein L4 or L22 affecting the ribosome's …

Over the past three decades, antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae has
dramatically increased worldwide. Non-susceptibility to penicillin in S. pneumoniae was first …

Quinolones are unusual among antimicrobials in that they were not isolated from living
organisms, but rather synthesized by chemists. The first quinolone, nalidixic acid, was …

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is an important pathogen responsible for acute
invasive and non-invasive infections such as meningitis, sepsis and otitis media, being the …

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity
amongst adults in the Asia-Pacific region. Literature published between 1990 and May 2010 …