Opioid receptors are widely distributed in the human body and are crucially involved in
numerous physiological processes. These include pain signaling in the central and the …

Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major cause of morbidity/mortality globally, firmly
established in W esternized or 'developed'countries and rising in prevalence in developing …

Aim: Substance abuse has become a universal crisis in our modern age. Among illegal
substances, opium and its derivatives have been ranked second in terms of usage after …

Opioid receptors are distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and
on many nonneuronal cells. Therefore, opioid administration induces effects beyond …

Aims Codeine treatment has been shown to be associated with glucolipid deregulation,
though data reporting this are inconsistent and the mechanisms are not well understood …

In recent years, a growing interest has emerged in the beneficial effects of positive social
interactions on health. The present work aims to review animal and human studies linking …

The World Health Organization suggests that the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the
major cause of mortality and account for two-thirds of the deaths all over the world. These …

Background. High rates of opioid use for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) have been
reported worldwide, despite its association with adverse events, inappropriate use, and …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death, chronic illness and disability
in Western countries. The most common cause of CVD derives from the harmful effects of …

Cardiac ischemic preconditioning (Pre) reduces cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) by
stimulating opioid receptors. Chronic use of opioids can alter the signaling pathways. We …