Background Liver is a vital organ responsible for metabolizing and detoxifying both
endogenous and exogenous substances in the body. However, it is susceptible to damage …

The isolation of phlorizin from the bark of an apple tree in 1835 led to a flurry of research on
its inhibitory effect on glucose transporters in the intestine and kidney. Using phlorizin as a …

Oxidative stress (OS) is a pathological status that occurs when the body's balance between
oxidants and antioxidant defense systems is broken, which can promote the development of …

Abstract Background: Neurological disorders (NLDs) are widely acknowledged as a
significant public health concern worldwide. Stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and traumatic …

Oxidative stress can adversely affect the health status of the body, more specifically by
causing intestinal damage by disrupting the permeability of the intestinal barrier. This is …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a spectrum of oxygenic metabolites crucial in
modulating pathological organism functions. Disruptions in ROS equilibrium span various …

Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline chemotherapy, plays a prominent role in the treatment
of various cancers. Unfortunately, its nephrotoxic effects limit its dosing and expose cancer …

Abstract AMP-activated protein kinase (5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein
kinase, AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an important signaling pathway …

Exercise has well-characterized therapeutic benefits in the management of type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM). Most of the beneficial effects of exercise arise from the impact of nuclear …

Nrf2 is a transcription factor facilitating cells' resilience against redox and various other forms
of stress. In the absence of stressors, KEAP1 and/or βTrCP mediate the ubiquitination of Nrf2 …