Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, is
involved in innate immunity and mediates inflammatory responses by recognizing …

Vaccines comprising innovative adjuvants are rapidly reaching advanced translational
stages, such as the authorized nanotechnology adjuvants in mRNA vaccines against COVID …

Glioma represents a fast proliferating and highly invasive brain tumor which is resistant to
current therapies and invariably recurs. Despite some advancements in anti-glioma …

Conventional approaches to developing therapeutic cancer vaccines that primarily activate
tumor‐specific T cells via dendritic cells (DCs) often demonstrate limited efficacy due to the …

Chronic inflammation is associated with the development and progression of several
noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney …

Background: Acute myocardial dysfunction in patients with sepsis is attributed to oxidative
stress, inflammation, and cardiomyocyte loss; however, specific drugs for its prevention are …

Antimicrobial peptides are innate immune molecules playing essential roles in insects,
which lack the adaptive immune system. Insects possess Toll9, the innate pattern …

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic remains aglobal challenge. While there are mRNA
agents on the horizon as apotential prevention, adefinitive drug therapy is an unmet medical …

Macromolecular Toll-like receptor (TLR) agents have been utilized as agonists and
inhibitors in preclinical and clinical settings. These agents interface with the TLR class of …

Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Innate immune cells
can recognize invading pathogens through recognizing pathogen-associated molecular …