Purpose To estimate the global lifetime prevalence rate of anabolic-androgenic steroid
(AAS) use and investigate moderators of the prevalence rate. Methods A meta-analysis and …

The use of doping agents, particularly anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), has changed
from being a problem restricted to sports to one of public-health concern. We review the …

The use of doping agents is evident within competitive sport in senior and junior age groups,
where they are taken by non-elite as well as elite participants. They are also taken in non …

BACKGROUND: A review of the literature was conducted to examine the relationship
between the use of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use and the use of other drugs …

Many athletes use anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) for physical enhancement but the
magnitude of these gains and associated adverse effects has not been rigorously quantified …

Background Reports of high levels of use of protein powders and nutritional supplements
among young men is a concern because these substances may act as a gateway for the use …

There is evidence to suggest that the prevalence of anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) is
higher among young people than the general population. The purpose of the current study …

BACKGROUND: Use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) has been associated with both
violent crime and the use of illicit drugs. The scientific literature on polysubstance abuse as a …

The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) by young athletes has been a primary
concern of sports governing bodies because of the implications for unfair advantage in …

Aims: To analyse correlates of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) use in the general male
population. Design: A national household survey. Participants: Individuals aged 15–64 …