The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is activated in both acute and chronic pain. In this
Review, we discuss increasing evidence from rodent studies that ACC activation contributes …

Chronic pain is a major medical problem that is resistant to conventional medical
intervention. It also causes emotional changes such as anxiety and fear. Furthermore …

Empathic pain has attracted the interest of a substantial number of researchers studying the
social transfer of pain in the sociological, psychological, and neuroscience fields. However …

Spinal sensory transmission is under descending biphasic modulation, and descending
facilitation is believed to contribute to chronic pain. Descending modulation from the …

Pain associates both sensory and emotional aversive components, and often leads to
anxiety and depression when it becomes chronic. Here, we characterized, in a mouse …

Chronic pain patients frequently develop and suffer from mental comorbidities such as
depressive mood, impaired cognition, and other significant constraints of daily life, which …

The dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) has been recognized as a key cortical area for
nociceptive modulation. However, the underlying neural pathway and the function of specific …

Pain is a complex experience including sensory-discriminative and emotional-affective
components. Base on the intensity and chronification of pain, pain is divided into …

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating chronic pain condition occurring after damage in the
nervous system and is refractory to the currently available treatments. Major challenges …

Cumulative animal and human studies have consistently demonstrated that two major
cortical regions in the brain, namely the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insular cortex …