Highlights•Urban ecosystems are expanding worldwide with major effects on
biodiversity.•All species are embedded in various antagonistic and mutualistic interactions.• …

Highlights•Threats to urban pollinators include urban intensification, climate change,
pesticides and pollution.•Adding honey bee hives could negatively affect wild pollinators in …

Urbanisation is an important global driver of biodiversity change, negatively impacting some
species groups whilst providing opportunities for others. Yet its impact on ecosystem …

Pollinating species are in decline globally, with land use an important driver. However, most
of the evidence on which these claims are made is patchy, based on studies with low …

Recently reported insect declines have raised both political and social concern. Although
the declines have been attributed to land use and climate change, supporting evidence …

Aim Urbanization is one of the most significant anthropogenic alterations of the surface of
the Earth and constitutes a major threat to biodiversity at the global level. Arthropods are a …

1. Urbanisation is one of the main land‐use changes behind global insect collapse. Despite
that previous studies have described the negative effects of urbanisation on insect …

Food production depends upon the adequate provision of underpinning ecosystem services,
such as pollination. Paradoxically, conventional farming practices are undermining these …

Simple Summary Cities are complex ecosystems that, while generally contributing to an
overall reduction in biodiversity, can support surprisingly unique communities of organisms …

Urbanization is increasing worldwide, with major impacts on biodiversity, species
interactions and ecosystem functioning. Pollination is an ecosystem function vital for …