Opioids are mainly used to treat both acute and chronic pain. Several opioids are
metabolized to some extent by CYP2D6 (codeine, tramadol, hydrocodone, oxycodone, and …

Codeine is bioactivated to morphine, a strong opioid agonist, by the hepatic cytochrome
P450 2D6 (CYP2D6); hence, the efficacy and safety of codeine are governed by CYP2D6 …

Clinicians understand that individual patients differ in their response to specific opioid
analgesics and that patients may require trials of several opioids before finding an agent that …

▪ Abstract Summary of consensus: 1. The use of opioids in cancer pain: The criteria for
selecting analgesics for pain treatment in the elderly include, but are not limited to, overall …

The safe disposal of unused opioid drugs is an area of regulatory concern. While toilet
flushing is recommended for some drugs to prevent accidental exposure, there is a need for …

We investigated the elimination routes for the 200 drugs that are sold most often by
prescription count in the United States. The majority (78%) of the hepatically cleared drugs …

Codeine is bioactivated to morphine, a strong opioid agonist, by the hepatic cytochrome
P450 2D6 (CYP2D6); hence, the efficacy and safety of codeine as an analgesic are …

It is estimated that nearly a third of people who abuse drugs started with prescription opioid
medicines. Approximately, 11.5 million Americans used prescription drugs recreationally in …

Wastewater is a potential treasure trove of chemicals that reflects population behavior and
health status. Wastewater-based epidemiology has been employed to determine population …

Written for practitioners in the field, this critically acclaimed bestseller provides authoritative
information focused on the investigation of drug-related deaths and practical approaches to …