Major differences between men and women exist in epidemiology, manifestation,
pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as …

Estrogens are the primary female sex hormones and play important roles in both
reproductive and non-reproductive systems. Estrogens can be synthesized in non …

Nearly one-third of deaths in the United States are caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD)
each year. In the past, CVD was thought to mainly affect men, leading to the exclusion of …

Estrogen, hormonal replacement therapy and cardiovascular di... : Current Opinion in
Nephrology and Hypertension Estrogen, hormonal replacement therapy and cardiovascular …

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) culminating into heart failure (HF) are
major causes of death in men and women. Prevalence and manifestation, however, differ …

Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response to abnormal physiological and pathological
stimuli, which can be classified into concentric and eccentric hypertrophy, induced by …

BACKGROUND: There are no sex-specific survival comparisons between patients with heart
failure (HF) with reduced and those with preserved ejection fraction. Large registries noting …

It is believed that cardiac remodeling due to geometric and structural changes is a major
mechanism for the progression of heart failure in different pathologies including …

Aims Gender difference in cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (IR) induced injury has been
reported in animal models. However, a large-scale clinical trial found an increase in …

Despite currently available therapies, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading
causes of death globally. Biological sex is a critical determinant of the occurrence …