To induce bone regeneration there is a complex cascade of growth factors. Growth factors
such as recombinant BMP-2, BMP-7, and PDGF are FDA-approved therapies in bone …

In spite of the considerable achievements in the field of regenerative medicine in the past
several decades, osteochondral defect regeneration remains a challenging issue among …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and terminal lung disease with no known
cure. IPF is a disease of aging, with median age of diagnosis over 65 years. Median survival …

Bone and skeletal muscle are integrated organs and their coupling has been considered
mainly a mechanical one in which bone serves as attachment site to muscle while muscle …

In addition to their conventional role as a conduit system for gases, nutrients, waste products
or cells, blood vessels in the skeletal system play active roles in controlling multiple aspects …

Skeletal elements have a diverse range of shapes and sizes specialized to their various
roles including protecting internal organs, locomotion, feeding, hearing, and vocalization …

Regulated fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling is a prerequisite for the correct
development and homeostasis of articular cartilage, as evidenced by the fact that aberrant …

Abstracts Bone mainly functions as a supportive framework for the whole body and is the
major regulator of calcium homeostasis and hematopoietic function. Recently, an increasing …

Tissue injury initiates a complex repair process, which in some organisms can lead to the
complete regeneration of a tissue. In mammals, however, the repair of most organs is …

Immunology, already a discipline in its own right, has become a major part of many different
medical fields. However, its relationship to orthopedics and trauma surgery has …