Three distinct streptococcal species: Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus intermedius,
and Streptococcus constellatus, belonging to the Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) …

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND BACTERIOLOGY OF PLEURAL
INFECTION This section provides background information for reference, interest and to set …

This guideline has assessed available evidence and attempted to gauge consensus opinion
where evidence is unavailable. The lack of paediatric data, in particular from randomised …

There is great variation worldwide in the man-agement of patients with pleural infection, and
approaches differ between physicians. 1–14 In the UK up to 40% of empyema patients come …

Approximately 1 million patients develop parapneumonic effusions (PPEs) annually in the
United States. The outcome of these effusions is related to the interval between the onset of …

Objectives The view of pleural empyema as a complication of bacterial pneumonia is
changing because many patients lack evidence of underlying pneumonia. To further our …

Background: Anaerobes are the first and Streptococcus species the second most common
cause of community-acquired lung abscess (CALA) in the West. The etiologic pathogens of …

Background. Most literature regarding lung abscess focuses on anaerobic bacterial lung
abscess, and aerobic gram-negative bacillary infection is less frequently discussed. This …

Pleural infection is a disease of historical importance and is still a modern menace, with
incidences rising in adults and children, and a significant mortality in adults. Basic research …

Abstract Background The Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) play important roles in
respiratory infections. It is ordinarily difficult to distinguish them from contaminations as the …