The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes
from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is a key …

Hemodialysis (HD) majorly represents the global treatment option for patients with chronic
kidney disease stage 5, and, despite advances in dialysis technology, these patients face a …

Insulin resistance (IR) is an early metabolic alteration in chronic kidney disease (CKD)
patients, being apparent when the glomerular filtration rate is still within the normal range …

Reducing cardiovascular risk (CVR) is the main focus of diabetes mellitus (DM)
management nowadays. Complex pathogenic mechanisms that are the subject of this …

Despite considerable efforts to better characterize the pathophysiology of obesity-related
metabolic disease, there are still a lack of efficient therapeutic strategies. New strategies …

Objective Although metabolic abnormalities have been considered important risk factors of
chronic kidney disease (CKD), the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin …

Nowadays, diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are considered as the most common
causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In this paper, other than presenting the role of …

Background Correction of metabolic acidosis (MA) with nutritional therapy or bicarbonate
administration is widely used in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, it is …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden that affects approximately 10% of
the adult population in the world. It is also recognized as the top 20 causes of death …

Purpose Retinal and choroidal microvascular changes can be related to renal impairment in
hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study examines the association …