The review provides a comprehensive update (previous report: Chen R, Cros D, Curra A, Di
Lazzaro V, Lefaucheur JP, Magistris MR, et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial …

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely used non-invasive
neuromodulatory technique. When applied in sleep medicine, the main hypothesis …

Background Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)—a noninvasive brain
stimulation technique that modulates cortical oscillations through entrainment—has been …

As the global population faces a progressive shift towards a higher median age,
understanding the mechanisms underlying healthy brain ageing has become of paramount …

Subcortical structures, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens
(NAcc), play crucial roles in human cognitive, memory, and emotional processing, chronic …

Screening tests and clinical swallow examination should be routinely performed in
neurological patients at risk for dysphagia. In patients testing positive for dysphagia, first-line …

The application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) at home for the treatment of
major depressive disorder (MDD) is the subject of current clinical trials. This is due to its …

Beyond motor deficits, spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) patients also suffer cognitive decline
and show socio-affective difficulties, negatively impacting on their social functioning. The …

Transcranial current stimulation (tCS) techniques have been shown to induce cortical
plasticity. As an important relay in the motor system, the cerebellum is an interesting target …

Translational research in neurological and psychiatric diseases is a rapidly advancing field
that promises to redefine our approach to these complex conditions [1–9]. The Topic …