The etiology of migraine pain involves sensitized meningeal afferents that densely innervate
the dural vasculature. These afferents, with their cell bodies located in the trigeminal …

Neuroplastic changes in the neuronal networks involving the trigeminal ganglion (TG),
trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), and upper cervical spinal cord (C1/C2) are …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed in a wide variety of cells and is the central
component of the mammalian innate immune system. Since its discovery in 1997, TLR4 has …

The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) orchestrates neuroinflammation, and this is the basis for an
increased interest in the development of antagonists inhibiting P2X7R function in the brain …

Damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules that
are constitutively expressed and released upon tissue damage, resulting in activation of the …

Pain caused by acute pulpitis (AP) is a common symptom in clinical settings. However, its
underlying mechanisms have largely remained unknown. Using AP model, we …

Acute pulpitis (AP), one of the most common diseases in the endodontics, usually causes
severe pain to the patients, which makes the search for therapeutic target of AP essential in …

Degranulation of meningeal mast cells leading to the sensitization of trigeminal vascular
afferent processing is believed to be one of the mechanisms underlying the migraine pain …

Injury of the tooth pulp is excruciatingly painful and yet the receptors and neural circuit
mechanisms that transmit this form of pain remain poorly defined in both the clinic and …

Although connections between the immune and nervous systems have long been
recognized, the precise mechanisms that underlie this relationship are just starting to be …