Digital land use data before the age of satellites is scarce. Here, we build a machine
learning model, using Extreme Gradient Boosting, that can automatically detect land use …

Hydrological systems across the globe are increasingly subjected to pressures from a
warming climate and anthropogenic disturbance. Responses to stress can be nonlinear and …

Experimental catchments are fundamental elements in hydrological sciences as they
provide key data for putting forward and testing hypotheses, developing theories …

Boreal catchments are composed of different land covers, such as forests, peatlands and
lakes, which differ in their runoff response to rainfall events. Understanding the individual …

Riparian buffers are commonly used to mitigate the negative effects of forestry operations
near water, particularly sediment transport to streams. In Sweden, current practices typically …

Forest management operations greatly influence stream habitats. Canopy clearing and
subsequent canopy development during succession, site preparation, and ditching alter the …

Boreal forests fix substantial amounts of atmospheric carbon (C). However, the timescales at
which this C is cycled through the ecosystem are not yet well understood. To elucidate the …

In humid climates, shallow groundwater is often assumed to be a subdued replica of the
surface topography. Nevertheless, the relation between the surface topography and …

Boreal watercourses are large emitters of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. For
forestry intensive areas of the Nordic and Baltic countries, a high share of these …

To understand patterns in CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) over time in wetlands' surface water
and porewater, we examined the relationship between PCO2 and land–atmosphere flux of …