Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, characterized by the
formation of plaques containing lipid, connective tissue and immune cells in the intima of …

In less than one year since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, two mRNA-based
vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, were granted the first historic authorization for …

Adjuvants are critical for improving the quality and magnitude of adaptive immune
responses to vaccination. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated nucleoside-modified …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease and the most common orthopedic disorder. A vast
majority of the social OA burden is related to hips and knees. The prevalence of knee OA …

Abstract Human Coronaviruses (HCoV), periodically emerging across the world, are
potential threat to humans such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, is
involved in innate immunity and mediates inflammatory responses by recognizing …

Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells within the synovial joints, and also the
main innate immune effector cells triggering the initial inflammatory responses in the …

Low-grade inflammation is the hallmark of metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2
diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Emerging evidence indicates that these …

Several studies have utilized a lipid nanoparticle delivery system to enhance the
effectiveness of mRNA therapeutics and vaccines. However, these nanoparticles are …

The innate immune system is the first line of the host defense program against pathogens
and harmful substances. Antiviral innate immune responses can be triggered by multiple …