Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by a low glomerular filtration rate or high
albuminuria, and affects 15–20% of adults globally. CKD increases the risk of various …

The vagus nerve is an indispensable body-brain connection that controls vital aspects of
autonomic physiology like breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and gut motility, reflexes …

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a critical regulator of blood volume,
electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance. While the baroreceptor reflex …

Complex and bidirectional interactions between the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and
autonomic nervous system have been well established for cardiovascular regulation under …

Mental processes and their neural substrates are intimately linked to the homeostatic control
of internal bodily state. There are a set of distinct interoceptive pathways that directly and …

In recent years, the focus of interest on the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the
pathophysiology of hypertension and organ injury has changed to a major emphasis on the …

Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Various
therapeutic approaches are being used to improve the cholinergic neurotransmission, but …

Disturbances in cardiovascular neural regulation, influencing both disease course and
survival, progress as heart failure worsens. Heart failure due to left ventricular systolic …

Hypertension is a frequent condition encountered during kidney disease development and a
leading cause in its progression. Hallmark factors contributing to hypertension constitute a …

The incidence of cardiac failure and chronic renal failure is increasing and it has now
become clear that the co-existence of the two problems has an extremely bad prognosis. We …