Background Smoking is a well-established risk factor for chronic non-communicable
diseases. However, the relationship between cigarette smoking and the risk of developing …

Species of Nicotiana grow naturally in different parts of the world and have long been used
both medicinally and recreationally by human societies. More recently in our history …

Cigarette smoking is strongly associated with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.
For several decades it was assumed that the relationship could be explained by reverse …

This study investigated frequencies of smoking, alcohol use, and illicit drug use by
diagnostic category in 566 adolescent psychiatric patients, comparing this sample with 8173 …

Based on their pharmacological properties, psychoactive drugs are supposed to take control
of the natural reward system to finally drive compulsory drug seeking and consumption …

Tobacco smoking is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world.
Very high rates of tobacco smoking are seen in patients with schizophrenia. Importantly …

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), battery-powered devices containing nicotine, glycerin,
propylene glycol, flavorings, and other substances, are increasing in popularity. They pose a …

A common remark among laypeople, and notably also among mental health workers, is that
individuals with mental illnesses use drugs as self-medication to allay clinical symptoms and …

Objectives. We examined the association between regular cigarette smoking and new onset
of mood and anxiety disorders. Methods. We used logistic regression analysis to detect …

Currently, about 246 million people around the world have used an illicit drug. The reasons
for this use are multiple: eg to augment the sensation of pleasure or to reduce the withdrawal …