Background Diagnostic delay in common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) is
considerable. There is no generally accepted symptom-recognition framework for its early …

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) belongs to the Gram-positive cocci. This
bacterium typically colonizes the nasopharyngeal region of healthy individuals. It has a …

Purpose: Pneumonia is a respiratory disease with an increasing incidence in recent years.
More and more studies have revealed that lncRNAs can regulate the transcriptional …

OBJECTIVES We sought to describe the evolving epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal
disease (IPD) among children in Massachusetts, United States, over the last 2 decades …

Background: Treatment of respiratory tract diseases with inhaled glucocorticoids is a form of
therapy that has been used for many years. It shows lower potency of side effects; …

Abstract Background Severe bacterial infections (SBIs) in otherwise healthy children are
rare and may represent an underlying impairment of the immune system, including primary …

Despite proven safety and efficacy, childhood vaccination programs in some countries do
not include PCVs, resulting in the majority of global deaths attributable to pneumococcus …

The goal of vaccination (or immunization) is to prevent disease by the intentional exposure
of a host to an infectious agent or to some of its components. Via the induction of …

Background: In settings with universal conjugate pneumococcal vaccination, invasive
pneumococcal disease (IPD) can be a marker of an underlying inborn error of immunity. The …

Asplenia and hyposplenism often are thought of as rare conditions, and evaluation of
splenic function seldom is obtained during evaluation for immune deficiency. Over the past …