Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) represent 2 of the largest sources
of death and disability in the United States. Recent studies have identified TBI as a potential …

Pesticides are omnipresent, and they pose significant environmental and health risks.
Translational studies indicate that acute exposure to high pesticide levels is detrimental, and …

Manganese (Mn), as one of the environmental risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), has
been widely studied. Though autophagy dysfunction and neuroinflammation mainly are …

Fenpropathrin (FEN) is a synthetic pyrethroid that has been frequently detected in aquatic
environments, yet the neurotoxic impacts and underlying mechanisms on nontarget …

Peripheral immune challenge induces neurobiological alterations in the brain and related
neuropsychiatric symptoms both in humans and other mammals. One of the best known …

For decades, the brain was thought to be an immune-privileged organ that was physically
separated from the immune system in a strategic effort to limit potentially deleterious actions …

1.1 Background Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents a major public health burden in the
United States (US) and throughout the world. An average of 1.7 million Americans suffer a …