Microorganisms growing in their habitat constitute a complex system. How the individual
constituents of the environment contribute to microbial growth remains largely unknown. The …

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) serve a dual role in charging tRNAs. Their enzymatic
activities both provide protein synthesis flux and reduce uncharged tRNA levels. Although …

Background Engineering bacterial strains to redirect the metabolism towards the production
of a specific product has enabled the development of industrial biotechnology. However …

Despite abundant measurements of bacterial growth rate, cell size, and protein content, we
lack a rigorous understanding of what sets the scale of these quantities and when protein …

A fundamental question in microbiology is how bacterial cells manage to coordinate gene
expression with cell growth during adapting to various environmental conditions. Although …

Rapid growth and survival are two key traits that enable bacterial cells to thrive in their
natural habitat. The guanosine tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate [(p) ppGpp], also known …

Growth rate maximization is an important fitness strategy for microbes. However, the wide
distribution of slow-growing oligotrophic microbes in ecosystems suggests that rapid growth …

Heterologous gene activation causes non-physiological burden on cellular resources that
cells are unable to adjust to. Here, we introduce a feedforward controller that actuates …

Global transcriptional regulators coordinate complex genetic interactions that bestow better
adaptability for an organism against external and internal perturbations. These …

To thrive in nature, bacteria have to reproduce efficiently under favorable conditions and
persist during stress. The global strategy that integrates the growth control and stress …