Study Design A narrative review of literature. Objective This manuscript intends to provide a
review of clinically relevant bone substitutes and bone expanders for spinal surgery in terms …

The cranio-vertebral junction (CVJ) was formerly considered a surgical “no man's land” due
to its complex anatomical and biomechanical features. Surgical approaches and hardware …

Using tissue engineering techniques, an artificial osteochondral construct was successfully
fabricated to treat large osteochondral defects. In this study, porcine cancellous bones and …

Background Allograft with wire techniques showed a low fusion rate in pediatric atlantoaxial
fusions (AAFs) in early studies. Using allograft in pediatric AAFs with screw/rod constructs …

OBJECTIVE The objective was to describe the indications, technique, and initial outcomes of
autologous rib graft with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) in …

The surgical repair of atlantoaxial instabilities (AAI) presents complex and unique
challenges, originating from abnormalities and/or trauma within the junction regions of the …

Objective Providing lasting cosmetic and functional results for patients with saddle nose
deformity with allograft. Methods This report describes experience with using a of freeze …

Background Cells, scaffolds, and factors are the triad of regenerative engineering; however,
it is difficult to distinguish whether cells in the regenerative construct are from the seeded …

Craniocervical dissociation (CCD) is a potentially devastating injury resulting from
osseoligamentous injury to the craniovertebral junction and is associated with significant …

In New Zealand, oncoplastic surgery is common, but partial breast reconstruction presents
challenges for radiation therapy targeting. Tissue rearrangement creates ambiguity when …