The helper T cell 9 (Thelper-9, Th9), as a functional subgroup of CD4+ T cells, was first
discovered in 2008. Th9 cells expressed transcription factor PU. 1 and cytokine interleukin-9 …

This study aimed to examine whether probiotics, which suppressed the differentiation of
splenic T cells into type 2 helper T (Th2) cells and induced into regulatory T cells in vitro …

Recapitulative animal models of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and related diseases are
lacking, which inhibits our ability to fully clarify the pathogenesis of these diseases. Although …

Abstract T helper 9 (Th9) cells, a subset of CD4+ T helper cells, have emerged as a valuable
target for immune cell therapy due to their potential to induce immunomodulation and …

Background To increase the pharmacological effects of red ginseng (RG, the steamed root
of Panax ginseng Meyer), RG products modified by heat process or fermentation have been …

Allergic asthma is an allergic inflammatory disease of the airways, in which numerous cell
types and cytokines have been shown to contribute to pathogenesis of the disease …

Th9, a new subgroup of CD4+ T cells is characterized by its specific cytokine IL-9, is a critical
factor in allergic diseases, cancers and parasitic infections. This study aimed to explore the …

Lonicera japonica Thunb. has been widely used as food ingredients and healthy drinks in
the Asian countries, which was reported to possess some good activities. However, it …

Introduction Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) remains a severe complication with high
mortality in immunocompromised patients. It has been well accepted that CD4+ T cells play …

Nonylphenol (NP) is a widely distributed, toxic endocrine-disrupting chemical exhibiting
estrogenic activity. However, its effect on allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear. In this study …