Understanding the emergence of pathogenic viruses has dominated studies of virus
evolution. However, new metagenomic studies imply that relatively few of an immense …

Parasites must overcome host immunity and change hosts for dispersal. Therefore,
seemingly odd behaviors of parasitized animals, like those exhibited by “Zombie ants” or the …

The exploration of new niches for microorganisms capable of degrading recalcitrant
molecules is still required. We hypothesized the gut microbiota associated with insect …

Social insects are important models for social evolution and behavior. However, in many
species, experimental control over important factors that regulate division of labor, such as …

Many parasites modify their host behaviour to improve their own transmission and survival,
but the proximate mechanisms remain poorly understood. An original model consists of the …

The ability to manipulate host behaviour is among the most fascinating and best-studied
adaptations of parasites. In this opinion article, we highlight trends and biases in the study of …

Biological rhythms, from circadian control of cellular processes to annual cycles in life
history, are a main structural element of biology. Biological rhythms are considered adaptive …

Approximately 1,000 species of the fungal phyla Microsporidia, Chytridiomycota,
Entomophthoromycota (order: Entomophthorales), Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota are …

Parasitoids depend on other insects for the development of their offspring. Their eggs are
laid in or on a host insect that is consumed during juvenile development. Parasitoids harbor …

Heritable symbionts can modify a range of ecologically important host traits, including
behavior. About half of all insect species are infected with maternally transmitted Wolbachia …