How does the immune system enter the brain?

JA Mapunda, H Tibar, W Regragui… - Frontiers in …, 2022 - frontiersin.org
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is considered the most frequent inflammatory demyelinating disease
of the central nervous system (CNS). It occurs with a variable prevalence across the world. A …

Pathological mechanisms in progressive multiple sclerosis

DH Mahad, BD Trapp, H Lassmann - The Lancet Neurology, 2015 - thelancet.com
A better understanding of the pathological mechanisms that drive neurodegeneration in
individuals with multiple sclerosis is needed to develop therapies that will effectively treat …

Multiple sclerosis genomic map implicates peripheral immune cells and microglia in susceptibility

International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium*†… - Science, 2019 - science.org
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and degenerative disease of the
central nervous system (CNS) that often presents in young adults. Over the past decade …

Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis

International IBD Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC)… - Nature …, 2013 - nature.com
Using the ImmunoChip custom genotyping array, we analyzed 14,498 subjects with multiple
sclerosis and 24,091 healthy controls for 161,311 autosomal variants and identified 135 …

Sex and gender issues in multiple sclerosis

HF Harbo, R Gold, M Tintoré - Therapeutic advances in …, 2013 - journals.sagepub.com
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is universally found to be more prevalent in women than men. This
has led to extensive studies of differences in the immune system or nervous system between …

Multiple sclerosis: current knowledge and future outlook

CP Kamm, BM Uitdehaag, CH Polman - European neurology, 2014 - karger.com
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous
system characterized by demyelination and axonal loss. The etiology of MS is unknown; …

Additive and interaction effects at three amino acid positions in HLA-DQ and HLA-DR molecules drive type 1 diabetes risk

X Hu, AJ Deutsch, TL Lenz, S Onengut-Gumuscu… - Nature …, 2015 - nature.com
Variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes accounts for one-half of the genetic
risk in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Amino acid changes in the HLA-DR and HLA-DQ molecules …

Inflammation and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis: consequences for therapy development

V Pegoretti, KA Swanson, JR Bethea… - Oxidative medicine …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
CNS inflammation is a major driver of MS pathology. Differential immune responses,
including the adaptive and the innate immune system, are observed at various stages of MS …

Vitamin D and neurological diseases: an endocrine view

C Di Somma, E Scarano, L Barrea… - International journal of …, 2017 - mdpi.com
Vitamin D system comprises hormone precursors, active metabolites, carriers, enzymes, and
receptors involved in genomic and non-genomic effects. In addition to classical bone-related …

Advances in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

SK Yadav, JE Mindur, K Ito… - Current opinion in …, 2015 - journals.lww.com
A better understanding of immune-mediated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis and the contribution of environmental risk factors toward the development of …