Ferulic acid, a kind of phenolic substance widely existing in plants, is an important active
component of many traditional Chinese medicines. So far, it has been proved that ferulic …

The heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme system catabolizes heme to carbon monoxide (CO),
ferrous iron, and biliverdin-IXα (BV), which is reduced to bilirubin-IXα (BR) by biliverdin …

Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. A key pathogenic factor in the
development of lethal heart failure is loss of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes …

Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death characterized by iron‐dependent
accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides to lethal levels. Necroptosis, an alternative form of …

Iron is an essential micronutrient that is problematic for biological systems since it is toxic as
it generates free radicals by interconverting between ferrous (Fe 2+) and ferric (Fe 3+) forms …

Atherosclerosis remains the underlying process responsible for cardiovascular diseases
and the high mortality rates associated. This chronic inflammatory disease progresses with …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has reached pandemic proportions and effective prevention
strategies are wanted. Its onset is accompanied by cellular distress, the nuclear factor …

Carbon monoxide (CO) is continuously produced in mammalian cells during the
degradation of heme. It is a stable gaseous molecule that reacts selectively with transition …

Objective: Hmox1 (heme oxygenase-1) is a stress-induced enzyme that catalyzes the
degradation of heme to carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin. Induction of Hmox1 and its …

Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) has been widely reported to contribute to the
pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases. The direct hazardous effect of PM2. 5 on the …