This article deals with a Caputo fractional-order viral model that incorporates the non-
cytolytic immune hypothesis and the mechanism of viral replication inhibition. Firstly, we …

The adaptive immunity is a complex system that involves memory and plays an important
role in the control of viral infection such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B …

In this paper, we study the stability analysis of latent Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) dynamics
models. The incidence rate between the CHIKV and the uninfected monocytes is modelled …

We consider an HIV-1 dynamics model by incorporating (i) two routes of infection via,
respectively, binding of a virus to a receptor on the surface of a target cell to start genetic …

Proceeding from the fact that fractional systems can better characterize the virological
properties than the ordinary formulation, in the present study, we treat a Caputo fractional …

In this work, we propose and investigate a delay cell population model of hepatitis B virus
(HBV) infection. We suppose spatial diffusion of free HBV particles, and use a Beddington …

Herein, a virus dynamics model with cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and antibody immune
responses is formulated and analyzed. The model considers two sorts of infected cells …

In this paper, we incorporate immune systems containing Cytotoxic T lymphocyte and
humoral immunity into a general human immunodeficiency viruses infection model, which …

In this paper, a coupling SEIR epidemic model is proposed to characterize the interaction of
virus spread in the body of hosts and between hosts with environmentally-driven infection …

The aim of this paper is to develop and investigate a novel mathematical model of the
dynamical behaviors of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The model includes exposed …