Energy demand of neurons in brain that is covered by glucose supply from the blood is
ensured by glucose transporters in capillaries and brain cells. In brain, the facilitative …

Barriers between circulation and the central nervous system (CNS) play a key role in the
development and modulation of CNS immune responses. Structural variations in the …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may have many different causes, including a blow to the head,
penetration of the skull, fast acceleration or deceleration of the head, or exposure to a blast …

Brain edema is a potentially fatal pathological state that occurs after brain injuries such as
stroke and head trauma. In the edematous brain, excess accumulation of extracellular fluid …

The critical role of the vasculature and its repair in neurological disease states is beginning
to emerge particularly for stroke, dementia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, tumors and …

Importance Animal models suggest that reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) is one of the
most enduring physiological deficits following concussion. Despite this, longitudinal studies …

Traumatic cerebral vascular injury (TCVI) is a very frequent, if not universal, feature after
traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is likely responsible, at least in part, for functional deficits and …

Objectives: Research suggests that the majority of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients
exhibit both cognitive and emotional dysfunction within the first weeks of injury, followed by …

Neuroimaging identified abnormalities associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are but
gross indicators that reflect underlying trauma-induced neuropathology at the cellular level …

Object The present study investigated the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α),
aquaporin-4 (AQP-4), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in blood-brain barrier (BBB) …