Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous
system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB …

Nowadays, biomaterials have evolved from the inert supports or functional substitutes to the
bioactive materials able to trigger or promote the regenerative potential of tissues. The …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a promising cancer treatment approach with
superior advantages. However, it remains a grand challenge to develop tumor …

Pore-forming Gasdermin protein-induced pyroptosis in tumor cells promotes anti-tumor
immune response through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immunogenic …

The most immune cells infiltrating tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor‐associated
macrophages (TAMs) closely resemble immunosuppressive M2‐polarized macrophages …

The use of living bacteria either as therapeutic agents or drug carriers has shown great
potential in treating a multitude of intractable diseases. However, cells are often fragile to …

Nanosized extracellular vesicles derived from bacteria contain diverse cargo and transfer
intercellular bioactive molecules to cells. Due to their favorable intercellular interactions, cell …

The past decade has witnessed a great leap forward in bacteria-based living agents,
including imageable probes, diagnostic reagents, and therapeutics, by virtue of their unique …

Microrobots driven by multiple propelling forces hold great potential for noninvasively
targeted delivery in the physiologic environment. However, the remotely collective …

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic nonspecific disease with
unknown etiology. Currently, the anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches have achieved a …