In late 2020, after circulating for almost a year in the human population, severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibited a major step change in its …

Abstract Since SARS-CoV-2 BA. 5 (Omicron) emerged and spread in 2022, Omicron
lineages have markedly diversified. Here we review the evolutionary trajectories and …

The BQ and XBB subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron are now rapidly expanding, possibly
due to altered antibody evasion properties deriving from their additional spike mutations …

Abstract In late 2022, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants have become highly diversified,
and XBB is spreading rapidly around the world. Our phylogenetic analyses suggested that …

The continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence of several new Omicron
subvariants, including BQ. 1, BQ. 1.1, BA. 4.6, BF. 7, and BA. 2.75. 2. Here, we examine the …

Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA. 2, BA. 4, and BA. 5 lineages has led to
the emergence of several new subvariants, including BA. 2.75. 2, BA. 4.6. and BQ. 1.1. The …

SARS-CoV-2 subvariants BQ. 1.1 and XBB. 1 have been circulating globally with superior
growth advantages over most omicron mutants (appendix p 5). However, XBB. 1.5, a …

A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron subvariant, BA.
2.86, has emerged and spread to numerous countries worldwide, raising alarm because its …

The unceasing circulation of SARS-CoV-2 leads to the continuous emergence of novel viral
sublineages. Here, we isolate and characterize XBB. 1, XBB. 1.5, XBB. 1.9. 1, XBB. 1.16. 1 …

SARS-CoV-2 continues to acquire mutations in the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD)
that impact ACE2 receptor binding, folding stability, and antibody recognition. Deep …