Introduction: Cognitive enhancers (CEs), also known as “smart drugs”,“study aids” or
“nootropics” are a cause of concern. Recent research studies investigated the use of CEs …

Introduction: Smart drugs are among the most common drugs used by students. It is
estimated that they are second in incidence after cannabis. Although they are usually used …

Medical students (MSs) are an important part of the workforce for delivery of tomorrow's
healthcare. Their ever changing knowledge base and long periods of training may …

Background Cognitive enhancers (CE) are often used to improve memory, alertness and
cognitive capacity. These products are commercially and pharmaceutically available. Due to …

The global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) disrupted both
public and private life for many. Concerning medical students, practical teaching and …

Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of
the prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms in Italian medical students and …

Background. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are common worldwide and, according to
the World Health Organization, their prevalence has increased in the last decades. Further …

Background: Pharmacological neuroenhancement (PN) is a common healthcare problem at
least among students. PN seems to be associated with stressful situations. There is a lack of …

Background and objectives: The presence of mental health problems in the population of
medical students in Italy has been evaluated in several cross-sectional studies, which have …

Background: Stress and everyday problems may impact memory and cognition. Therefore,
many people use cognitive enhancers (CEs), sold for prescription, as over-the-counter …