Recent advances in maximum safe glioma resection have included the introduction of a host
of visualization techniques to complement intraoperative white-light imaging of tumors …

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a natural amino acid and a precursor of heme and
chlorophyll. Exogenously administered 5-ALA is metabolized into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-stage treatment that implies the use of light energy,
oxygen, and light-activated compounds (photosensitizers) to elicit cancerous and …

Heme is a ubiquitous and essential iron containing metallo-organic cofactor required for
virtually all aerobic life. Heme synthesis is initiated and completed in mitochondria, followed …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a deadly cancer characterized by complex
metabolic adaptations that promote survival in a severely hypoxic and nutrient-limited tumor …

Heme, as a hydrophobic iron-containing organic ring, is lipid soluble and can interact with
biological membranes. The very same properties of heme that nature exploits to support life …

Mitochondria are essential organelles of mammalian cells, often emphasized for their
function in energy production, iron metabolism and apoptosis as well as heme synthesis …

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid synthesized in all nucleated
mammalian cells. As a porphyrin precursor, ALA is metabolized in the heme biosynthetic …

Glial tumors are one of the most common lesions of the central nervous system. Despite the
implementation of appropriate treatment, the prognosis is not successful. As shown in the …

Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been approved by the US FDA for fluorescence-guided
resection of high-grade glioma and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of superficial skin …