The colon mucus layer is organized with an inner colon mucus layer that is impenetrable to
bacteria and an outer mucus layer that is expanded to allow microbiota colonization. A major …

The gut microbiome lies at the intersection between the environment and the host, with the
ability to modify host responses to disease-relevant exposures and stimuli. This is evident in …

The innate immune system is the oldest protection strategy that is conserved across all
organisms. Although having an unspecific action, it is the first and fastest defense …

Malnutrition continues to threaten the lives of millions across the world, with children being
hardest hit. Although inadequate access to food and infectious disease are the primary …

Allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic asthma (AAS), atopic dermatitis (AD),
food allergy (FA), and eczema are systemic diseases caused by an impaired immune …

Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development, maturation, and immune system
differentiation. It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical and mental development …

Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in human milk plays a central role in complex maternal-
infant interactions that influence long-term health outcomes. Governed by genetics and …

A growing number of human gut microbiome studies consistently describe differences
between human populations. Here, we review how factors related to host genetics, ethnicity …

The development of infant gut microbiome is a pivotal process affecting the ecology and
function of the microbiome, as well as host health. While the establishment of the infant …

Early-life gut microbiota plays a role in determining the health and risk of developing
diseases in later life. Various perinatal factors have been shown to contribute to the …