Exacerbations of COPD are associated with worsening of the airflow obstruction,
hospitalisation, reduced quality of life, disease progression and death. At least 70% of …

With increasing age, the human immune system undergoes characteristic changes, termed
immunosenescence, which lead to increased incidence and severity of infectious diseases …

To generate vaccine-mediated protection is a complex challenge. Currently available
vaccines have largely been developed empirically, with little or no understanding on how …

In 2003 the existing 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23) programme for high risk
groups was extended to include all≥ 65 year olds in England and Wales, starting with≥ 80 …

Background: Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake, which is often low in older people, is
associated with reduced chronic disease risk. Objective: We determined whether increased …

Streptococcus pneumoniae related diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality,
especially in children and in the elderly population. It is transmitted to other individuals …

Flow cytometry is now accepted as an ideal technology to reveal changes in immune cell
composition and function. However, it is also an error‐prone and variable technology, which …

Immune defence against pathogenic agents comprises the basic premise for the
administration of vaccines. Vaccinations have hence prevented millions of infectious …

OBJECTIVE: Therapeutics used to treat inflammatory diseases, including psoriatic arthritis
(PsA), may potentially interfere with normal immune system function. Immune system …

Advanced age has been associated with a wide range of defects in both the innate and
adaptive immune systems including diminished specific antibody responses that increase …