An organism's survival can depend on its ability to recall and navigate to spatial locations
associated with rewards, such as food or a home. Accumulating research has revealed that …

Neurons that synthesize and release 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) express a core
set of genes that establish and maintain this neurotransmitter phenotype and distinguish …

Animals associate cues with outcomes and update these associations as new information is
presented. This requires the hippocampus, yet how hippocampal neurons track changes in …

Transient variations in pupil size (PS) under constant luminance are coupled to rapid
changes in arousal state, 1–3 which have been interpreted as vigilance, 4 salience, 5 or a …

Synapses between neurons are malleable biochemical structures, strengthening and
diminishing over time dependent on the type of information they receive. This phenomenon …

During spatial learning, hippocampal (HPC) place maps reorganize to represent new goal
locations, but little is known about the circuit mechanisms facilitating these changes. Here …

Highlights•Acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin all facilitate long-term
synaptic plasticity.•Neuromodulators facilitate long-term synaptic plasticity by common and …

Anxiety is an aversive mood reflecting the anticipation of potential threats. The ventral
hippocampus (vH) is a key brain region involved in the genesis of anxiety responses …

Despite a wealth of clinical and preclinical data implicating the serotonin (5-HT) system in
fear-related affective disorders, a precise definition of this neuromodulator's role in fear …

Anxiety disorders may be mediated in part by disruptions in serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine,
5-HT) system function. Behavioral measures of approach-avoidance conflict suggest that …