The successful treatment of cancer has significantly improved as a result of targeted therapy
and immunotherapy. However, during chemotherapy, cancer cells evolve and can acquire …

Free radicals are generated in our body by several systems. A balance among free radicals
and antioxidants is an important matter for appropriate physiological function. If free radicals …

Inadequate or excessive nutrient consumption leads to oxidative stress, which may disrupt
oxidative homeostasis, activate a cascade of molecular pathways, and alter the metabolic …

Oxidative stress is a normal phenomenon in the body. Under normal conditions, the
physiologically important intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are …

Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways organize a great constitution
network that regulates several physiological processes, like cell growth, differentiation, and …

Over the last decade, a dual character of cell response to oxidative stress, eustress versus
distress, has become increasingly recognized. A growing body of evidence indicates that …

Background Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are frequently used in industrial products
such as paint, surface coating, and cosmetics, and recently, they have been explored in …

Cancer comprises a group of heterogeneous diseases encompassing high rates of
morbidity and mortality. Heterogeneity, which is a hallmark of cancer, is one of the main …

Intracellular reduction–oxidation (redox) homeostasis, mediated mainly by reactive oxygen
species (ROS), plays a significant role in physiological function maintenance and regulation …

Organelle-targeted photosensitization represents a promising approach in photodynamic
therapy where the design of the active photosensitizer (PS) is very crucial. In this work, we …