Exosomes are vesicles encompassed by a lipid bilayer that are released by various living
cells. Exosomal proteins are encapsulated within the membrane or embedded on the …

Fitness of cells is dependent on protein homeostasis which is maintained by cooperative
activities of protein chaperones and proteolytic machinery. Upon encountering protein …

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of proteins, also known as molecular chaperones,
which participate in protein folding and maturation in response to stresses or high …

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large family of molecular chaperones aberrantly
expressed in cancer. The expression of HSPs in tumor cells has been shown to be …

Objective The protein post-translational modification (PTM) in host cells can be rewritten by
bacterial enzymes and represents an unprecedented mechanism in the communication …

Liquid biopsy has been rapidly developed in recent years due to its advantages of non-
invasiveness and real-time sampling in cancer prognosis and diagnosis. Exosomes are …

HSP70 and HSP90 are two powerful chaperone machineries involved in survival and
proliferation of tumor cells. Residing in various cellular compartments, HSP70 and HSP90 …

Regulated cell death (RCD) is a critical and active process that is controlled by specific
signal transduction pathways and can be regulated by genetic signals or drug interventions …

Radiation therapy (RT) can induce an immunogenic variant of regulated cell death that can
initiate clinically relevant tumor-targeting immune responses. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) …

Exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles, are important mediators of long‐distance
intercellular communication and are involved in a diverse range of biological processes …