Micturition, or urination, occurs involuntarily in infants and young children until the age of 3
to 5 years, after which it is regulated voluntarily. The neural circuitry that controls this process …

Although the urinary bladder urothelium has classically been thought of as a passive barrier
to ions and solutes, a number of novel properties have been recently attributed to urothelial …

Purpose: Overactive bladder affects 12% to 17% of the general population and almost a
third experience urinary incontinence, which may severely impact health related quality of …

Background Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome with urinary incontinence (UI) is prevalent
in the population and impairs health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Objective To assess the …

Purpose: Treatment options for patients with overactive bladder refractory to anticholinergics
are limited. We assessed the dose response across a range of doses of onabotulinumtoxinA …

Background Meningeal and other trigeminal nociceptors are thought to play important roles
in the initiation of migraine headache. Currently, the only approved peripherally …

The afferent innervation of the urinary bladder consists primarily of small myelinated (Aδ)
and unmyelinated (C-fiber) axons that respond to chemical and mechanical stimuli …

Overactive bladder syndrome with and without urinary incontinence and related conditions,
signs, and disorders such as detrusor overactivity, neurogenic lower urinary tract …

Background Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a common condition with a significant
negative impact on quality of life characterised by urgency with or without urge incontinence …

Purpose: We compared 200 U intradetrusor botulinum toxin A vs placebo in women with
refractory idiopathic urge incontinence. Materials and Methods: This institutional review …