The blood–brain barrier (BBB) protects the central nervous system (CNS) from unregulated
exposure to the blood and its contents. The BBB also controls the blood-to-brain and brain …

Microcirculation and macrocirculation are tightly interconnected into a dangerous cross-link
in hypertension. Small artery damage includes functional (vasoconstriction, impaired …

Background Four glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists that are structurally
similar to human GLP-1 have been shown to reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular …

Vascular disease was for a long time considered a disease of the old age, but it is becoming
increasingly clear that a cumulus of factors can cause early vascular aging (EVA) …

Low-grade inflammatory processes and related oxidative stress may have a key role in the
pathogenesis of hypertension and hypertension-mediated organ damage. Innate immune …

Small arteries, which play important roles in controlling blood flow, blood pressure, and
capillary pressure, are under nervous influence. Their innervation is predominantly …

Background Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM), are highly prevalent worldwide
health non-communicable diseases, and are associated with chronic complications. The co …

The aging of the vasculature plays a crucial role in the pathological progression of various
vascular aging-related diseases. As endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle …

Although the gold-standard method for the assessment of structural alteration in small
resistance arteries is the evaluation of the MLR by micromyography in bioptic tissues, new …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of illness and death in the Western
world. Cardiovascular aging is a progressive modification occurring in cardiac and vascular …