Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method of studying the causal effects of modifiable
exposures (ie, potential risk factors) on health, social, and economic outcomes using genetic …

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship and evidence of an
association between increased adiposity and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease …

Key questions in COVID-19 are the duration and determinants of infectious virus shedding.
Here, we report that infectious virus shedding is detected by virus cultures in 23 of the 129 …

This paper provides guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations. It is
aimed at practitioners seeking to undertake analyses and write up their findings, and at …

Mendelian randomization (MR) uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to infer
whether a risk factor causally affects a health outcome. Meta‐analysis has been used …

Mendelian randomisation uses genetic variation as a natural experiment to investigate the
causal relations between potentially modifiable risk factors and health outcomes in …

Mediation analysis seeks to explain the pathway (s) through which an exposure affects an
outcome. Traditional, non-instrumental variable methods for mediation analysis experience …

Background Mendelian randomization (MR) is a powerful tool in epidemiology that can be
used to estimate the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome in the presence of …

The human proteome is a major source of therapeutic targets. Recent genetic association
analyses of the plasma proteome enable systematic evaluation of the causal consequences …

Background Mendelian randomization (MR) is being increasingly used to strengthen causal
inference in observational studies. Availability of summary data of genetic associations for a …