Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple
sclerosis (MS), but their precise roles are unclear. In this Review, we provide an overview of …

In the last decades, evidence suggesting the direct or indirect involvement of B cells on
multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis has accumulated. The increased amount of data on …

B cells are essential components of the adaptive immune system and have important roles
in the pathogenesis of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Besides producing …

There is growing recognition that B cell contributions to normal immune responses extend
well beyond their potential to become antibody-producing cells, including roles at the innate …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS)
characterized by autoimmune-mediated demyelination and neurodegeneration. The CNS of …

B cell clonal expansion and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal IgG bands are established
features of the immune response in multiple sclerosis (MS). Clone-specific recombinant …

▪ Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) develops in young adults with a complex predisposing
genetic trait and probably requires an inciting environmental insult such as a viral infection …

Substantial advances have elucidated some of the central mechanisms underlying the
inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration that occur in multiple sclerosis …

Intrathecal antibody production is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis and humoral immunity is
thought to play an important role in the inflammatory response and development of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by synthesis of oligoclonal immunoglobulins and the
presence of B‐cell clonal expansions in the central nervous system (CNS). Because ectopic …