tion by TCD does not necessarily imply the presence of a PFO. Any right-to-left shunt such
as that resulting from ventricular septal defect or intrapulmonary shunt may result in the …

Patent Foramen Ovale: Current Pathology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Status Hidehiko
Hara, Renu Virmani, Elena Ladich, Shannon MacKey-Bojack, Jack Titus, Mark Reisman …

This chapter about antithrombotic therapy for valvular heart disease is part of the American
College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition) …

Background: The optimal strategy to prevent recurrent presumed paradoxical emboli in
patients with patent foramen ovale is unknown. Purpose: To synthesize the current …

Objectives: We sought to assess the risk of ischemic stroke from a patent foramen ovale
(PFO) in the multiethnic prospective cohort of northern Manhattan. Background: Patent …

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of medical treatment with
percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO). Background: Patients with cryptogenic …

Background—Patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack presumably related
to patent foramen ovale (PFO) are at risk for recurrent cerebrovascular events. Differences in …

Objectives: In this study, a meta-analysis of observational studies was performed to compare
the rate of recurrent neurological events (RNE) between transcatheter closure and medical …

The number, specific type, and complexity of percutaneous intracardiac procedures continue
to evolve. Many of these procedures require left atrial access using transseptal techniques …

Background and Purpose—Patients discovered to have a patent foramen ovale in the
setting of a cryptogenic stroke may be treated with percutaneous closure, antiplatelet …