Eukaryotic cells produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediating intercellular communication.
These vesicles encompass many bio-molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids …

Dendritic cells (DCs) function as a link between innate and adaptive immune responses.
Retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1 modulate DCs to their advantage and utilize them to …

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the only identified oncogenic human
retrovirus. HTLV-1 infects approximately 5–10 million people worldwide and is the infectious …

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), an infrequent malignancy resultant from human T-
cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1), exhibits a spectrum of phenotypes, encompassing …

The perception of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTlV-1) infection as a “silent disease”
has recently given way to concern that its presence may be having a variety of effects. HTLV …

Introduction The Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first described human
retrovirus. It is currently estimated that around 5 to 10 million people worldwide are infected …

Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), a group of retroviruses belonging to the oncovirus
family, has long been associated with various inflammatory and immunosuppressive …

Human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus that has been recognized as a causative
agent of two crucidal diseases, HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis …

Following viral infection, the innate immune system senses viral products, such as viral
nucleic acids, to activate innate defence pathways, leading to inflammation and apoptosis …

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was identified as the first pathogenic human
retrovirus and is estimated to infect 5 to 10 million individuals worldwide. Unlike other …