Insulin synthesis in pancreatic β‐cells is initiated as preproinsulin. Prevailing glucose
concentrations, which oscillate pre‐and postprandially, exert major dynamic variation in …

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by having a disorder of glucose metabolism. The types of
diabetes mellitus include type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational …

During the progression of type 1 diabetes (T1D), β cells are exposed to significant stress
and, therefore, require adaptive responses to survive. The adaptive mechanisms that can …

Immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β cells causes type 1 diabetes (T1D).
However, how β cells participate in their own destruction during the disease process is …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mediates the first steps of protein assembly within the
secretory pathway and is the site where protein folding and quality control are initiated. The …

We investigated the association of redox regulator Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
(Nrf2) and inflammatory cytokines as well as clinical remission in patients with recent onset …

Understanding the root causes of autoimmune diseases is hampered by the inability to
access relevant human tissues and identify the time of disease onset. To examine the …

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common autoimmune chronic disease in young
patients. It is caused by the destruction of pancreatic endocrine β-cells that produce insulin …

Hepatic adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene transfer has the potential to cure the X-linked
bleeding disorder hemophilia A. However, declining therapeutic coagulation factor VIII …

Pancreatic β-cells are prone to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to their role in insulin
secretion. They require sustainable and efficient adaptive stress responses to cope with this …