Cadmium (Cd), poisoning has been reported from all around the World, causing many
deaths annually. Cd is a toxic heavy metal, and is widely present in environment. It has been …

Man-made cadmium (Cd) emissions can be transported between environmental matrices
and the food chain. Food is the primary source of Cd exposure among general population as …

Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal with high toxicity potential. Humans are
exposed to Cd present in diet, polluted air, and cigarette smoke. Cd exposure has been …

Food-borne cadmium was the principal source of exposure for persons living in the 12
cadmium-contaminated villages in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, northwestern Thailand …

Chronic exposures to cadmium (Cd) are associated with reduced glomerular filtration rate
(GFR), increasing the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In support of the World Health …

High levels of cadmium (Cd) in paddy soil and rice, and a concurrent increase in urinary Cd
of inhabitants in the Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand first emerged in 2003. Risk …

The term chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) refers to chronic kidney
disease (CKD) in the absence of diabetes, long‐standing hypertension, glomerulonephritis …

Risk for hypertension and diabetes has not been conclusively found to be a result of
cadmium exposure. A population-based study was conducted in 2009 to examine the …

Tobacco smoke is a major source of adult exposure to cadmium (Cd). Urine Cd levels (CdU)
above 1.0, 0.7, and 0.5 μgCd/g creatinine have been associated with increased rates of …

Since 2002, a joint research team from the International Water Management Institute and the
Department of Agriculture, Thai Government, has reported that there are cadmium (Cd) …