To explore the mechanisms underlying the action of the heavy metals Cd and Zn on the
photosynthetic function of plant leaves, the effects of 100 μmol L− 1 Cd and 200 μmol L− 1 …

Oxidative stress is common in plants growing under extreme environments, such as water
shortage, salinity, heavy metals, and temperature extremes. To overcome oxidative stress …

Population densities and freshwater resources are not evenly distributed worldwide. This
has forced farmers to use wastewater for the irrigation of food crops. This practice presents …

The functions of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, boron, and chlorine in
plants are discussed. Iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in redox systems in cells and various …

Cadmium (Cd) pollution is an increasingly serious problem in crop production. Although
significant progress has been made to comprehend the molecular mechanism of …

Phytochelatins (PCs) are small cysteine-rich peptides capable of binding metal (loid) s via
SH-groups. Although the biosynthesis of PCs can be induced in vivo by various metal (loid) …

Sulfur (S) metabolism plays a vital role in Cd detoxification, but the collaboration between
melatonin biosynthesis and S metabolism under Cd stress remains unaddressed. Using …

The global industrialization and modernization have witnessed a rapid progress made in
agricultural production, along with the issue of soil heavy metal (HM) pollution, which has …

The main mechanism of plant tolerance is the avoidance of metal uptake, whereas the main
mechanism of hyperaccumulation is the uptake and neutralization of metals through specific …

Unexpected biomagnifications and bioaccumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in the
surrounding environment has become a predicament for all living organisms together with …