Embryonic stem cell differentiation models have increasingly been applied in non-animal
test systems for developmental toxicity. After the initial focus on cardiac differentiation …

Background Pharmacotherapy for most psychiatric conditions was developed from
serendipitous observations of benefit from drugs prescribed for different reasons. An …

Multiple genetic, metabolic, and environmental abnormalities are known to contribute to the
pathogenesis of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). If all of those abnormalities were addressed it …

Used as a supplement to psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy that addresses all of the known
metabolic and genetic contributions to the pathogenesis of psychiatric conditions caused by …

Oligodendrogenesis dysfunction impairs memory consolidation in adult mice, and an
oligodendrocyte abnormality is an important change occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD) …

The embryonic stem cell test (EST) was applied to evaluate dose addition in combined
exposures of teratogenic compounds in the EFSA-defined cumulative assessment group …

There is an increased awareness that the use of animals for compound-induced
developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) testing has limitations. Animal-free innovations …

Research continues to identify genetic variation, environmental exposures, and their
mixtures underlying different diseases and conditions. There is a need for screening …

Animal-free assessment of compound-induced developmental neurotoxicity will most likely
be based on batteries of multiple in vitro tests. The optimal battery is built by combining tests …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogenous, early-onset neurodevelopmental
disorder with multifactorial aetiology. There are hundreds of genes that contribute to ASD …