Metalloenzymes are central to a wide range of essential biological activities, including
nucleic acid modification, protein degradation, and many others. The role of metalloenzymes …

Nucleotide signaling molecules contribute to the regulation of cellular pathways. In the
immune system, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is well established as a potent …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that have the unique function of
terminating cyclic nucleotide signaling by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cAMP and GMP. They …

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) specifically hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine
monophosphate (cAMP) and plays vital roles in biological processes such as cancer …

Agents which increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) may have an
antagonistic effect on pro-inflammatory molecule production so that inhibitors of the cAMP …

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) enzymes degrade cAMP and underpin the
compartmentalization of cAMP signaling through their targeting to particular protein …

Introduction: PDEs are key enzymes in the adenosine and guanosine cyclic nucleotides
(cAMP and cGMP) signaling cascade. Their inhibition increases cyclic nucleotide levels …

Objective To provide an overview of janus kinase (JAK), chemoattractant receptor
homologous molecule expressed on TH 2 cells (CRTH2), and phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) …

Background. In the last few decades, a better knowledge of the inflammatory pathways
involved in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) has promoted biological …

Introduction This work was undertaken to delineate intracellular signaling pathways for the
PDE4 inhibitor apremilast and to examine interactions between apremilast, methotrexate …